Exploring a rare oncologic complication: alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in HIV patient

Authors

  • Dimas Satryo Bagus Santoso Department of Internal Medicine, RSUD Grati, Pasuruan, Indonesia
  • Budi Santoso Department of Internal Medicine, RSUD Bangil, Pasuruan, Indonesia
  • Septian Kristyana General Practitioner, UPTD Kesehatan Puskesmas Raci, Pasuruan, Indonesia
  • Didi Candradikusuma Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
  • Septalisa Marsha Dea Natasia General Practitioner, RS Bina Sehat Group, Jember, Indonesia
  • Arde Evatta Department of Internal Medicine, RSU Wajak Husada, Malang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69863/dim.2024.e277

Keywords:

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, oncologic complication, HIV-related malignancies

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is one of the rare oncological complications in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients, but it has a serious impact. Therefore, case report study discussing case of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in HIV patient is very important.

CASE: A 22-year-old man complained of pain and a growing lump behind his right knee for 9 months. The lump, initially small, became larger and more painful, affecting his ability to move his leg. The patient was diagnosed with HIV 3 years ago and also had leprosy. Additionally, the patient had a history of weight loss and a low body mass index (BMI). Physical examination revealed a 10x15x10 cm mass behind the right knee. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the right knee showed a complex cystic solid lesion involving several muscles and blood vessels. Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) suggested a High-Grade Sarcoma. Open biopsy confirmed alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with aggressive features and high mitotic activity.

CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our study reported the first case of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in an HIV patient. Our study emphasizes the importance of thorough diagnosis for suspected malignancies in HIV patients.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Balasubramaniam M, Pandhare J, Dash C. Immune control of HIV. J Life Sci (Westlake Village) 2019;1(1):4-37.doi. PMID: 31468033

Kumah E, Boakye DS, Boateng R, et al. Advancing the global fight against hiv/aids: Strategies, barriers, and the road to eradication. Ann Glob Health 2023;89(1):83.doi: 10.5334/aogh.4277. PMID: 38046536

Boakye P, Safowaa A. Prevalence and predictors of viral load suppression in adults living with HIV in the western region of Ghana: A cross-sectional study. AIMS Public Health 2023;10(2):469-479.doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2023033. PMID: 37304596

Rangaraj A, Connor S, Harding R, et al. Advanced HIV disease and health-related suffering-exploring the unmet need of palliative care. Lancet HIV 2023;10(2):e126-e133.doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(22)00295-8. PMID: 36427522

Bassey AE, Miteu GD. A review of current trends in HIV epidemiology, surveillance, and control in Nigeria. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023;85(5):1790-1795.doi: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000000604. PMID: 37229028

Kennedy DH. Clinical manifestations of HIV infections. Scott Med J 1987;32(4):101-107.doi: 10.1177/003693308703200402. PMID: 3313725

Bhatia K, Shiels MS, Berg A, et al. Sarcomas other than Kaposi sarcoma occurring in immunodeficiency: interpretations from a systematic literature review. Curr Opin Oncol 2012;24(5):537-546.doi: 10.1097/CCO.0b013e328355e115. PMID: 22729152

Skapek SX, Ferrari A, Gupta AA, et al. Rhabdomyosarcoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2019;5(1):1.doi: 10.1038/s41572-018-0051-2. PMID: 30617281

Hiniker SM, Donaldson SS. Recent advances in understanding and managing rhabdomyosarcoma. F1000Prime Rep 2015;7(1):59.doi: 10.12703/P7-59. PMID: 26097732

Gurria JP, Dasgupta R. Rhabdomyosarcoma and extraosseous ewing sarcoma. Children (Basel) 2018;5(12):165.doi: 10.3390/children5120165. PMID: 30544742

Marshall AD, Grosveld GC. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma - The molecular drivers of PAX3/7-FOXO1-induced tumorigenesis. Skelet Muscle 2012;2(1):25.doi: 10.1186/2044-5040-2-25. PMID: 23206814

Mehta S, Garg A, Gupta LK, et al. Kaposi's sarcoma as a presenting manifestation of HIV. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2011;32(2):108-110.doi: 10.4103/0253-7184.85415. PMID: 22021973

Gobbi RG, Rebolledo DS, Lima AL, et al. Malignant fibrohisticytoma of the knee in a patient with hiv. J Glob Infect Dis 2012;4(4):212-214.doi: 10.4103/0974-777X.103900. PMID: 23326080

Marais LC, Ferreira N. Osteosarcoma in adult patients living with hiv/aids. ISRN Oncol 2013;2013(1):219369.doi: 10.1155/2013/219369. PMID: 23762607

Nguyen T, Beavers C, Hydock A, et al. Non-hiv kaposi sarcoma in an immunocompetent patient with high-risk behavior: Elucidating subtypes and risk factors for diagnosis. Kans J Med 2023;16(1):220-221.doi: 10.17161/kjm.vol16.20657. PMID: 37791026

Dourmishev LA, Dourmishev AL, Palmeri D, et al. Molecular genetics of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus-8) epidemiology and pathogenesis. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2003;67(2):175-212.doi: 10.1128/MMBR.67.2.175-212.2003. PMID: 12794189

Goncalves PH, Montezuma-Rusca JM, Yarchoan R, et al. Cancer prevention in HIV-infected populations. Semin Oncol 2016;43(1):173-188.doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.09.011. PMID: 26970136

Berhan A, Bayleyegn B, Getaneh Z. Hiv/aids associated lymphoma: Review. Blood Lymphat Cancer 2022;12(1):31-45.doi: 10.2147/BLCTT.S361320. PMID: 35517869

Angeletti PC, Zhang L, Wood C. The viral etiology of AIDS-associated malignancies. Adv Pharmacol 2008;56(1):509-557.doi: 10.1016/S1054-3589(07)56016-3. PMID: 18086422

Martin-Giacalone BA, Weinstein PA, Plon SE, et al. Pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma: Epidemiology and genetic susceptibility. J Clin Med 2021;10(9):2028.doi: 10.3390/jcm10092028. PMID: 34065162

Pantazis N, Paparizos V, Papastamopoulos V, et al. Low pre-ART CD4 count is associated with increased risk of clinical progression or death even after reaching 500 CD4 cells/muL on ART. PLoS One 2023;18(3):e0283648.doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283648. PMID: 36996018

Borges AH. Combination antiretroviral therapy and cancer risk. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2017;12(1):12-19.doi: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000334. PMID: 27755153

Downloads

Published

2024-08-14

How to Cite

Santoso, D., Santoso, B., Kristyana, S., Candradikusuma, D., Natasia, S., & Evatta, A. (2024). Exploring a rare oncologic complication: alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in HIV patient. Deka in Medicine, 1(2), e277. https://doi.org/10.69863/dim.2024.e277

Issue

Section

Case report

Most read articles by the same author(s)